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JUDY HOGAN
BEAVER SOUL 21 (For Mikhail)
August 7, 1992, Sharya
“The Russian fields are the most beautiful I have seen,” I say to your friends when I make my toast. To you I say it again. They change me, these fields of Russia. It was you who taught me to love them, and you who bring me to see them in all their naked loveliness, here in Sharya. I sit at the desk where you wrote the novel into which you put everything you knew then about the human soul, and, as you wrote, your hair turned grey. We traverse these distances like snow geese. “God helps us,” you tell me. I believe you. “You brought the rain,” you say. “It means good luck. They are happy you are here because you brought the rain.” They toast me again and again. They sing to me, their faces full of tenderness and longing, old Russian songs. They want to make me happy, these friends of yours. We feast and drink fruit wine; they sing and drink. I tell them what I feel in Russian. They understand my new language, and sing some more. They want me to love their Russia, their mother. I already do. I already feel that their Russia is my Russia. Your fields, lying peacefully in the late afternoon by a lake where water lilies float like swans in the shallows, and cattails stand solemnly, like the herons when they're fishing and waiting, are already my fields. This beauty you cherish is mine because you led me deeper into it, showed me the real meaning of a birch, how, in centuries past but not forgotten, the birch was mother to the peasants, giving them warmth, isbas, cooking utensils, tools. How they worshiped her, this mother, and, when they wanted to speak to the spirits above, they put their arms around her, rested against her breast, put their cheeks to her bark, and prayed. Vera says that everyone needs a tree of her own. Hers is an oak. From this oak she draws strength when she's weary in spirit; exhausted from her labors to take care of the land and the people she loves. She has her driver take us along the road she had built. We drive many miles past forests of birch, pine, and fir. I wonder where we are going. Then the car stops. We get out. She wanted us to see her land, to stand where she stands when her soul needs to see farther, better, deeper. I take this view she loves into my soul. Let it help me later when I am thousands of miles away. Let me remember these fields, stretching to their borders of forest, resting like peaceful children in a sleep only the gods know how to give. And Tatyana tells me how she fell in love with two priests. It was their eyes. Their eyes were like lakes. The more she looked, the more deeply she saw into those clear waters. She is laughing, like I do, at myself. I feel her young and playful soul. Love makes us both foolish. We laugh. And this Mayor of Sharya, who keeps filling my glass and telling me stories as if I knew all the Russian words in the dictionary. I turn to my interpreter. Katya can't imagine how to translate what he's saying. I tell her again and again not to worry. She worries. He puts his hand on my arm and tells me something else, affectionately. He is expansive and happy. The American likes him, his wine, his liqueur, his food, his friends, his Russia. I read his heart without the help of dictionary or interpreter. Katya, meantime, on my left, wants to tell me about the lost churches of Soligalich. She has a book she wants to give me. An Englishman photographed them not long before the Revolution. After the Revolution they were destroyed. They were very beautiful. She's still grieving. I say that I've already seen many beautiful Russian churches. They and the isbas are my favorite architecture. “They are being restored now. Not all were lost.” “But these churches in Soligalich,” she says, “they can't be restored.” She worries about Russia, too, its people, their souls. She reads philosophy to understand Russia. Is there a distinct Russian culture, she wonders. I tell her yes. I am learning it. It reaches me here like these soft fields, which lie like children against the breasts of their mother. It's in the shining eyes, the generous spirits of these people. “We help each other,” says Vera. “It's how we survive.” Then there are the birches, their strength slender, but generously present. They are everywhere. They give all they have. They are Russia, but, more than the birches, these people, singing what their souls have learned about how suffering is not where it ends; there's a place beyond pain, though painful; a place of joy, yet never absolute; a place where all the notes may blend; where grief is present but does not destroy music or joy or the resilient human soul.


Copyright 2006, all rights revert to the poet.
  

ABOUT POET JUDY HOGAN

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Rumki Sen
Top 5 Rules of English Grammar
Communication is effective when we follow certain rules. These rules make the written words understood. A writer should make the reader's job easier by communicating what he or she wants to communicate. If you also want to write, pay respect to your readers. Don't take them for granted. Learning and understanding the basic rules of English Grammar, you will surely be able to avoid ill-formed, confusing sentences. Hence, following and applying the rules of English Grammar and thereby producing a good writing can help the readers save their time from trying desperately to guess what you mean. This article covers the top 5 Rules of English Grammar.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Errors in agreement are the most common mistakes made in writing. Follow this simple rule: A singular subject requires a singular verb, and a plural subject requires a plural verb.

      Wrong: Identification of these goods have been difficult.
Right: Identification of these goods has been difficult. (‘Identification’ is the subject here)
      Wrong: The best way to keep your children happy are to give them enough responsibilities.
Right: The best way to keep your children happy is to give them enough responsibilities. (Use a singular verb if the subject is a phrase or clause)
      Awkward: Neither John nor I am interested in this project.
Better: John is not interested in this project; nor am I. (If you write an awkward sentence, consider rewriting it)

Exception: Use a singular verb if a compound subject refers to the same person or thing.
Example: Breads and milk is a typical breakfast for many people.

Tense

Tense refers to time. It tells when an action is happening: in the present, in the future, or in the past. Whatever time it is, it should remain consistent throughout your whole piece of writing. There are three main tenses - Past Tense, Present Tense and Future Tense.Here is an example of writing with mixed tenses:

      Wrong: John wanted to know why Rebecca is sad, but she will not tell him.
Right: John wanted to know why Rebecca was sad, but she would not tell him.
Each tense -Present, Past and Future- has the following four forms.

Past Tense
Simple Past – I spoke; Past Continuous – I was speaking; Past Perfect – I had spoken; Past Perfect Continuous – I had been speaking.

Present Tense
Simple Present – I speak; Present Continuous – I am speaking; Present Perfect – I have spoken; Present Perfect Continuous – I have been speaking .

Future Tense
Simple Future– I shall/ will speak Future Continuous – I shall/ will be speaking Future Perfect – I shall/will have spoken Future Perfect Continuous – I shall/ will have been speaking

Double Negatives

Two negative words create a positive meaning, which may be just the opposite of what you have intended to convey.

      Wrong: I don’t have nothing to say.
Right: I don’t have anything to say.
Wrong: Tom couldn’t hardly believe what Jack said.
Right: Tom could hardly believe what Jack said.

Modifiers

Words that describe or limit other words are called 'modifiers'. An 'Adjective' is a word or group of words that modifies a noun or pronoun, whereas an 'Adverb' is a word or group of words that modifies a verb, adjective or other adverb. Avoid misplaced and dangling modifiers.

      Wrong: Thomas told her that he wanted to marry her frequently.
Right: Thomas frequently told her that he wanted to marry her.
      Wrong: Nicole picked up a girl in a blue jacket named Agatha.
Right: Nicole picked up Agatha, a girl in a blue jacket.
      Wrong: Walking across the busy street, a bus almost hit me.
Right: As I walked across the busy street, a bus hit me.

Usage

If you use a word, you must know how to use it. Use simple words. Many people have the tendency to use big, difficult words while writing. Avoid fancy words and phrases when simpler ones convey the idea. Omit unnecessary words. A piece of writing, containing long words strung together in complex sentences, turn out to be poorly written and not impressive. You will have fewer chances for grammatical errors if you can cut a word out which can be cut out.

Stuffy: I will make modifications in the document.
Simple: I will change the document.
Wordy: You should remember to consult your watch in order to keep a person from waiting for you when you have decided to meet him at a particular time.
Translation: Be punctual.

To conclude: the more you remember the basic rules of English Grammar and practice them, the better your writings will be. The process is simple and easy. Keeping a good dictionary is essential in searching for the right word and finding out the actual meanings that will help you in selecting the right words. Usage of proper English Grammar and selecting the right words will make it more likely that your writings stand out from the rest. So, keep enjoying the process and keep writing.


Copyright 2006, all rights reserved by the RUMKI SEN


ABOUT POET
RUMKI SEN founded Perfect Editing Solutions (www.perfectediting.com), a professional firm providing Proofreading and Copyediting service to websites and online documents. She corrects and edits English grammar, punctuation, spelling, links and a lot more for websites, letters, applications, CVs / resumes, advertisements, manuals, brochures, e-newsletters, articles and e-mail messages. Her company also offers resume-writing services. Whether you're a student, webmaster, or business owner, your written work will be improved immediately after you get her company's service. Contact RUMKI SEN at rumki@perfectediting.com

PRSeditor: Certainly, it is good to know the rules of the language you use. Ignoring the rules can lead to your ideas sounding like 'baby-talk' or 'babel'. However, a poet must also know when to break rules for effect. A poem cannot cover the whole of histroy; creativity, continuity, and clarity may dictate a unique application of the tense rules. A persona may require use of the vernacular or dialect; spoken language (parole) can require use of repetition and multiple modifiers. Not only the rules matter. The culture also requires the writer's attention.
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